Which properties are included in ACID guarantees?

• A. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
• B. Availability, Durability, Integrity, Debuggability.
• C. Accuracy, Continuity, Isolation, Durability.
• D. Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Delayed writes.

Answer: (A)

ACID guarantees are a set of guarantees that ensure database transactions are processed reliably. The four properties are Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

Atomicity means a transaction is all-or-nothing: either every operation in the transaction is applied, or none is. This prevents partial updates.

Consistency means the database moves from one valid state to another valid state, preserving all defined rules, constraints, and triggers. If a transaction would violate these rules, it is rolled back.

Isolation means concurrently executing transactions do not interfere with each other; each appears as if it executed in isolation, avoiding visibility of intermediate states that could lead to anomalies.

Durability means once a transaction is committed, its effects persist even if the system crashes or loses power; the changes are written to durable storage.

That’s why this option is correct: it lists the four standard ACID properties. The other choices mix terms not part of ACID (such as Availability, Debuggability, or Concurrency) or use related but nonstandard terms (like Integrity or Accuracy), so they don’t match the established set.